• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention describes a lighting arrangement 1 with at least one laser 2 as light source. The at least one laser 2 couples light into a light beam 3, on whose optical axis at least one diffractive element 4 is arranged, preferably a plurality of diffractive elements 4 are arranged one behind the other and at intervals from one another. The laser light is preferably radiated through the plurality of diffractive elements 4, each of which is designed to deflect part of the light out of the laser beam 3. The diffractive elements 4 may be lattice structures or hologram structures, which are preferably variable with regard to their light deflection characteristic, in particular with respect to the intensity and / or the color of the deflected light.
    公开号:AT15607U1
    申请号:TGM25/2014U
    申请日:2014-01-20
    公开日:2018-03-15
    发明作者:Seyringer Heinz
    申请人:Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    LIGHTING ARRANGEMENT WITH LASER AS LIGHT SOURCE The present invention relates to a lighting arrangement with which linearly arranged point-shaped light sources can be generated for lighting purposes. In particular, the lighting arrangement according to the invention has at least one laser as a light source.
    Various lighting arrangements are already known from the prior art, which use a laser as a light source. These lighting arrangements all have free-beam optics. Typically, laser light is deflected via a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) chip, which in the simplest case is an adjustable mirror, and is output from the lighting arrangement. One advantage of a laser as a light source is that laser light can be better transported in waveguides than, for example, the light from classic LEDs. In addition, more dynamic illumination of areas is possible with a laser than with LEDs, for example.
    The disadvantage of the lighting arrangements known from the prior art, in particular the known MEMS solutions, is a high sensitivity to environmental influences, such as e.g. Water vapor on the surfaces of the mirrors. Furthermore, known lighting arrangements are extremely sensitive to adjustment inaccuracies between the laser and the mirror, which are caused, for example, by vibrations. In particular, adjustable mirrors are also extremely mechanically sensitive and can easily be damaged. Another disadvantage of known MEMS solutions is that only the light distribution, i.e. the position at which light is emitted, but the light intensity of the lighting arrangement cannot be changed.
    Starting from the lighting arrangements known from the prior art, in particular the known MEMS solutions, it is an object of the present invention to at least reduce the disadvantages described above, at best to eliminate them. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lighting arrangement with a laser as the light source, which is more reliable and more independent of environmental influences than the prior art. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lighting arrangement with a simplified optical beam path. Another object of the present invention is to additionally enable spatially resolved intensity modulation and preferably even color corrections. Ideally, the light color of the point light sources of the lighting arrangement can be chosen freely. Another object of the present invention is to make it easier to precisely look at the components of the lighting arrangement.
    The tasks described above are achieved by a lighting arrangement according to independent claim 1. The dependent claims further develop the core idea of the invention in an advantageous manner in order to meet further requirements for the lighting arrangement.
    In particular, the present invention relates to a lighting arrangement which comprises at least one laser and at least one diffractive element which is arranged in the direction of propagation of a light beam from the laser and is designed to deflect light from the light beam.
    Formally, a laser is characterized in that the stimulated emission is stronger than the spontaneous emission. However, a (bad) laser can also be operated below the threshold at which the stimulated emission begins to dominate. Formally, the laser is an LED. However, the properties of a poor laser operated in this way are still suitable for the present invention. Alternatively, the light of a conventional LED can be made coherent enough, for example by frequency and spatial filters, that it is suitable for the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention understands 1/11
    AT 15 607 U1 2018-03-15 Austrian
    Patent Office fertilizes under a laser a light source whose light is sufficiently coherent for the applications according to the invention.
    A diffractive element is an optical element that is designed to shape a light beam by diffraction (diffraction). For example, a diffractive element is a lattice structure, a hologram structure or a micro structure. The lighting arrangement according to the invention with the at least one diffractive element has the advantage that the entire lighting system is on the same optical axis, i.e. can be located on the axis of the light beam from the laser. As a result, the optical beam path of the lighting arrangement is significantly simplified. The at least one diffractive element, which couples light out of the light beam, represents at least one point light source of the lighting arrangement. In comparison with an adjustable mirror or a MEMS chip, a diffractive element is significantly less sensitive to inaccurate adjustments, for example caused by vibrations, and also clear less sensitive to environmental influences such as water vapor.
    Advantageously, a plurality of diffractive elements are arranged one behind the other and at intervals in the direction of propagation of the light beam from the laser.
    Preferably, all diffractive elements and thus the whole system are arranged on an optical axis. As a result, the lighting arrangement according to the invention is significantly more compact than the prior art and also provides inexpensive point light sources. Due to the smaller space requirement of the lighting arrangement according to the invention, aesthetic demands can also be met more easily. The arrangement of several diffractive elements with respect to the laser beam can be carried out much more easily compared to lighting arrangements with adjustable mirrors or MEMS chips. For a compact and functioning lighting arrangement according to the invention, it is only necessary that the diffractive elements are once reliably arranged in the desired manner in the area of the laser beam. However, since the diffractive elements are preferably not movable elements, the lighting arrangement according to the invention is simpler and also more stable than the known prior art with regard to its mechanical structure.
    [0011] The at least one diffractive element advantageously has a lattice structure.
    In the simplest case, the lattice structure is a classic, preferably a periodic, lattice structure. The grating structure is or comprises an optical grating. A periodic grating structure is particularly useful when monochromatic light is emitted by a laser. The structure size of the grating structure or the optical grating is then preferably in the order of magnitude of half the wavelength of the laser. Such a periodic lattice structure is particularly simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
    [0013] In particular with regard to white light applications, the lattice structure advantageously comprises a stochastically distributed lattice.
    In other words, in the lighting arrangement according to the invention, preference is given to using diffractive elements which have stochastically distributed structures which form an optical grating. This means that the distances between the individual grid lines of the grid are preferably not chosen to be the same and regular, but rather random. However, the distribution of the distances is preferably selected stochastically only within a certain size range. This size range corresponds approximately to the order of half the wavelength of the at least one laser. A stochastically distributed optical grating is particularly advantageous if the lighting arrangement according to the invention comprises a plurality of lasers, which preferably even couple into the light beam with different wavelengths and thus generate it together. A uniform periodic grating is in fact not suitable for a lighting arrangement with several lasers, since a certain grating distance only enables the selective deflection of a certain wavelength. The stochastically distributed lattice structures with randomly spaced lattice distances allow hin2 / 11
    AT 15 607 U1 2018-03-15 Austrian
    Patent office against, light in the desired composition, i.e. composed of different wavelengths, deflect evenly from the light beam.
    The at least one diffractive element is advantageously formed by a film.
    A diffractive element, which is formed from a film, is on the one hand extremely easy to manufacture and on the other hand is very resistant, especially against environmental influences. Suitable microstructures can be applied to the film, for example by printing or by photolithographic processes.
    [0017] The lattice structure of the at least one diffractive element advantageously comprises a material whose refractive index can be changed.
    By changing the refractive index of the material, the efficiency of the deflection can be adjusted or changed by the respective diffractive element. The change in the refractive index thus determines the strength of the diffractive element with regard to the amount of light that is deflected from the light beam via this diffractive element. This makes more dynamic light distributions possible with the lighting arrangement according to the invention.
    Advantageously, the refractive index of the material can be changed when the material is exposed to an electromagnetic and / or thermal field and / or light.
    An element for generating an electromagnetic and / or thermal field and / or light is advantageously arranged on one or on both sides of the at least one diffractive element.
    The element for generating the corresponding fields or the light can preferably control each diffractive element in the lighting arrangement according to the invention with respect to its refractive index.
    [0022] The lattice structure of the at least one diffractive element advantageously comprises at least one polymer piece.
    Polymers offer the advantage of being easy to process and at the same time being inexpensive. There are also suitable polymers whose refractive index can be easily changed using electromagnetic or thermal fields.
    Advantageously, the lattice structure is formed by polymer pieces which are embedded in a support element made of glass.
    The lattice structure is thus formed by polymer pieces which are embedded in the carrier glass either at regular or at stochastic intervals. By changing the refractive index of the polymer pieces, a difference to the refractive index of the glass can be increased or decreased. If the difference in the refractive index of the polymer pieces is greater, the lattice structure is more visible to the laser beam. However, if the refractive index of the polymer pieces equals the refractive index of the glass, so if the difference is smaller, the grating is almost invisible to the laser beam. It can thus be influenced how strongly the lattice structure influences the laser light in the light beam and deflects it accordingly from the laser beam. The microstructures in the glass carrier in which the polymer pieces are embedded can be produced, for example, by photolithography.
    [0026] The at least one diffractive element is advantageously formed by a hologram structure.
    As an alternative to the configuration of the diffractive elements as a lattice structure described above, these can also be formed by either a 2D or a 3D hologram structure. The hologram structures can be computer-generated. The individual hologram structures are in turn introduced into the beam path of the laser, that is to say into the light beam, and are designed to deflect the light therefrom. The advantage of hologram structures is that they can have any influence on the distribution of the deflected light. This means that depending on the design of the hologram structures, illuminate a surface in almost any shape with the deflected light3 / 11
    AT 15 607 U1 2018-03-15 Austrian
    Patent office can be tet. In the same way, a hologram structure also influences which color of the laser light, if different-colored lasers generate the light beam together, is deflected. A further degree of freedom can thus be set with a hologram structure. The 2D or 3D hologram structures can therefore be used for color filtering.
    [0028] The hologram structure is advantageously three-dimensional.
    [0029] Three-dimensional hologram structures enable color corrections. This can be used, for example, to compensate for age-related color shifts in the individual point light sources, or to turn a white light source into a colored luminaire on request. Instead of the at least one laser, a white light source, for example composed of several lasers or at least one LED and / or OLED, is also conceivable.
    [0030] The hologram structure is advantageously rewritable.
    Rewritable hologram structures can be modified at a later time. Accordingly, even retrospectively, i.e. after producing the lighting arrangement according to the invention, the manner in which the light is deflected by the corresponding diffractive element can also be influenced.
    [0032] Advantageously, the lighting arrangement further comprises a writing laser for changing, preferably writing, erasing and / or rewriting, the hologram structure.
    [0033] The writing laser can, for example, be used thermally with a high laser beam intensity to erase the hologram structure. The writing laser can also be used to write a new hologram structure. The lighting arrangement according to the invention thus enables the generation of any light distributions. The writing laser can be connected to a computer or a similar control device which generates the desired hologram structure and controls the writing laser accordingly.
    Advantageously, the lighting arrangement comprises a plurality of lasers, preferably lasers of different colors, which are designed to radiate a jointly generated light beam through the at least one diffractive element.
    Different-colored lasers can preferably be used in order to couple a total of white light into the light beam. Each diffractive element located in the light beam can then preferably deflect white light of a certain intensity and / or a certain color temperature, and / or can deflect light of a certain color or mixed color. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures.
    Figure 1 [0037] Figure 2 [0038] Figure 3 shows a lighting arrangement according to the invention.
    shows a diffractive element of a lighting arrangement according to the invention.
    shows a section of a lighting arrangement according to the invention.
    The lighting arrangement 1 according to the invention from FIG. 1 preferably has at least one laser 2. The lighting arrangement 1 can also have more than one laser 2. If a plurality of lasers 2 are present in the lighting arrangement 1, these are preferably coupled to one another via mirrors or other suitable optical elements in such a way that they couple into a jointly generated light beam 3. The light beam 3 of the lighting arrangement 1 preferably radiates through at least one diffractive element 4, preferably through several diffractive elements 4. The at least one diffractive element 4 is therefore advantageously located in the beam path of the at least one laser 2. Preferably, a plurality of diffractive elements 4 are preferably arranged one behind the other and at certain intervals in the direction of propagation of the light beam 3 of the laser 2. The distances between the individual diffractive elements 4 can be regular or different, depending on the desired light distribution of the lighting arrangement 1. Each
    4.11
    AT 15 607 U1 2018-03-15 Austrian
    The patent office diffractive element 4 is namely designed to deflect light out of the light beam 3 or to couple it out of it and thus to define a point light source of the lighting arrangement. The deflection is based on the principle of light diffraction on structures of a diffractive element 4. The deflected light is indicated by arrows in FIG. 1.
    The at least one diffractive element 4 can comprise a lattice structure as shown in FIG. 2 or be designed as such a lattice structure. In the simplest case, the at least one diffractive element 4 has a periodic lattice structure, i.e. an optical grating that is formed from regularly arranged grating lines. However, a stochastic lattice structure is preferably used, i.e. an optical grating, the individual grating lines of which are arranged irregularly, preferably at randomly varying distances from one another. However, the distance between two adjacent grating lines preferably does not exceed twice the wavelength of the laser 2 or does not fall below the half the wavelength of the laser 2.
    Figure 2 shows an example of a diffractive element 4, which is provided with a regular lattice structure. The diffractive element 4 preferably has polymer pieces 5 which are embedded in a carrier material 6. Instead of the polymer pieces 5, other suitable pieces of material can also be used. The carrier material 6 preferably comprises or consists of glass or plexiglass. A plurality of polymer pieces 5, which are embedded in the carrier material, preferably results in an alternating arrangement of carrier material sections and polymer sections. The distances between these sections can vary as described and are preferably even chosen randomly for each distance. However, the distance between two successive polymer sections should be adapted approximately to the wavelength of the at least one laser 2 used and is therefore preferably in the order of magnitude of the wavelength of this at least one laser 2.
    The diffractive element 4 is preferably completed by a support element 7, which preferably consists of the same material as the carrier material 6, particularly preferably of glass. The diffractive element 4 is given greater stability by the support element 7. This is because the polymer sections and preferably glass sections are preferably approximately as thick or at least not significantly thicker than a wavelength of the laser light.
    Preferably, the at least one polymer piece 5, which is embedded in the carrier material 6, preferably made of glass, can be changed with respect to its refractive index. Instead of a polymer, any material can be used which has a different refractive index to the carrier material 6 and which can preferably be changed with regard to this refractive index. Various polymers or polymer blends can also be used. For example. the material embedded in the carrier material 6 can be selected such that its refractive index can be changed by exposing it to an electromagnetic field, a thermal field and / or a light field. Due to the fact that the refractive index of the material, preferably the polymer, can be changed, the difference in the refractive indices between the glass sections and the preferred polymer sections can also be changed and can preferably be controlled by one or more suitable setting devices 10 (as shown in FIG. 1). Preferably, each diffractive element 4 to be controlled is assigned an adjusting device 10 on at least one side, preferably on both sides. The setting device 10 can, for example, generate an electromagnetic, a thermal and / or a light field or vary the generated field and consequently change the refractive index of the material of the assigned diffractive element 4. This changes the strength of the light deflection from the light beam 3 of the respective diffractive element 4, since, depending on the difference in refractive index between the glass section and the polymer section, the lattice structure of the diffractive element 4 in question can interact more or less strongly with the light beam 3.
    3 shows an alternative embodiment for the at least one diffractive element 4, namely a hologram structure. The at least one diffractive element 4 preferably comprises or is a hologram structure. The hologram structure is included
    5/11
    AT 15 607 U1 2018-03-15 Austrian
    Patent office either two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) in nature, preferably it is three-dimensional in order to be able to implement color corrections. Depending on the training, i.e. Depending on the size and shape of the hologram structure, light can be deflected out of the light beam 3 in different ways. A surface of any shape can thus be illuminated by the deflected light. The hologram structure is preferably formed in a material, for example in a polymer. A polymer or another material is advantageously used, into which hologram structures can be written and / or deleted several times or dynamically. In addition, the refractive index of the polymer or the material can also be changed as described above. By changing the hologram structure, the strength and the manner in which the light is deflected from the light beam 3 of the corresponding diffractive element 4 can in turn be set. Three-dimensional hologram structures can even change the color deflection from the light beam, i.e. it can be influenced which light color is deflected more strongly or which light color is deflected less.
    [0045] Again, the lighting arrangement 1 preferably has at least one setting device. A writing laser 8 is preferably used, as shown in FIG. 3. The writing laser 8 is preferably located on the opposite side of the laser 2 with respect to the diffractive element 4. A writing laser 8 can illuminate all the diffractive elements 4. However, a writing laser 8 can also be assigned to each diffractive element 4. The writing laser 8 can preferably radiate a light beam 9 with high intensity onto the at least one diffractive element 4 in order to thermally erase its hologram structure and / or to correspondingly write or rewrite a new hologram structure. The writing laser 8 can be controlled by a control device such as a microcontroller or a computer. In particular, the control device can generate the hologram structures and control the write laser 8 accordingly in order to write the generated hologram structure.
    The above-mentioned materials for the diffractive elements 4, for example glass as a carrier material 6 and polymer pieces 5 embedded therein for the lattice structure, or polymers for the formation of the hologram structures, represent preferred embodiments. In both cases, would be alternative materials are also conceivable, but the preferred embodiments are less intensive than the alternatives. The lighting arrangement 1 according to the invention can comprise a plurality of diffractive elements 4, one or more of which is designed as a lattice structure and one or more as a hologram structure, depending on the type of illumination required for corresponding areas.
    The present invention summarizes a lighting arrangement 1 with at least one laser 2 as a light source. The at least one laser 2 couples light into a light beam 3, on the optical axis of which at least one diffractive element 4 is arranged. The laser light can preferably radiate through a plurality of diffractive elements 4, which are each designed to deflect part of the light from the laser beam 3. The diffractive elements 4 can be, for example, lattice structures or hologram structures. The diffractive elements 4 can preferably be changed with regard to their light deflection characteristics, in particular with regard to the intensity and / or the color of the light deflected by them.
    [0048] The lighting arrangement 1 of the present invention is more compact than the prior art. In addition, the lighting arrangement 1 according to the invention is more independent of environmental influences and significantly less sensitive to external disturbances, such as vibrations or shocks, than free-beam optics known from the prior art. A change in the light deflection characteristic of the diffractive elements 4, for example by changing the refractive index of a material contained in the diffractive element 4, can determine the proportion of the light that is output from each point light-shaped light source of the lighting arrangement 1 determined by a diffractive element 4 ,
    6/11
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    Patent Office
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1.3
    Fig. 1
    1. Lighting arrangement (1), characterized in that the lighting arrangement (1) comprises: at least one laser (2), at least one diffractive element (4) which is arranged in the direction of propagation of a light beam (3) of the laser (2) and for this purpose is designed to deflect light from the light beam (3).
    [2]
    2.3
    Fig. 2
    2. Lighting arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of diffractive elements (4) are arranged one behind the other and at intervals in the direction of propagation of the light beam (3) of the laser (2).
    [3]
    3.3
    Fig. 3
    3. Lighting arrangement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one diffractive element (4) has a lattice structure (5, 6).
    [4]
    4. Lighting arrangement (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the grid structure (5, 6) comprises a stochastically distributed grid.
    [5]
    5. Lighting arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one diffractive element (4) is formed by a film.
    [6]
    6. Lighting arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lattice structure (5, 6) of the at least one diffractive element (4) comprises a material whose refractive index can be changed.
    [7]
    7/11
    AT15 607U1 2018-03-15 Austrian patent office
    14. Lighting arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the lighting arrangement (1) comprises a plurality of lasers (2), preferably lasers (2) of different colors, which are designed to generate a jointly generated light beam (3) to radiate through the at least one diffractive element (4).
    With 3 sheets of drawings
    7. Lighting arrangement (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the refractive index of the material is variable when the material is exposed to an electromagnetic and / or thermal field and / or light.
    [8]
    8/11
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    Patent Office
    8. Lighting arrangement (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that an element (10) for generating an electromagnetic and / or thermal field and / or light is arranged on one or on both sides of the at least one diffractive element (4) is.
    [9]
    9.11
    AT 15 607 U1 2018-03-15 Austrian
    Patent Office
    9. Lighting arrangement (1) according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the lattice structure of the at least one diffractive element (4) comprises at least one polymer piece (5).
    [10]
    10/11
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    Patent Office
    10. Lighting arrangement (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one diffractive element (4) is formed by a hologram structure.
    11. Lighting arrangement (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the hologram structure is three-dimensional.
    12. Lighting arrangement (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the hologram structure is rewritable.
    13. Lighting arrangement (1) according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the lighting arrangement (1) further comprises a writing laser (8) for changing, preferably writing, erasing and / or rewriting, the hologram structure.
    [11]
    11/11
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    法律状态:
    2020-09-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20200131 |
    优先权:
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